Cyst gap branchial is Malformation congenital (MK) or disabled born change structure and function of the newborn's organ systems that occur in intrauterine life and are identified before, at or after birth. Birth defects can also be classified as major or minor anomalies depending on the magnitude of the structural and functional abnormalities and the need for medical support or care. Congenital malformations have become a major public health problem because of their significant contribution to newborn mortality and morbidity. birth and infants. The prevalence of MK varies from one area to the area others, but the global prevalence of MK is around 2%- 3%. 1– 3
The etiology of birth defects is documented to be multifactorial and includes genetic abnormalities, poor nutrition, TORCHES infections, alcohol consumption, and exposure to pollutants. environment like pesticide, use tobacco, disease sex maternal age, advanced maternal age, and maternal medical conditions. There is no consensus on the definition of advanced maternal age but it is generally accepted that pregnancy in mothers over 35 years is considered high risk. In addition, single gene defects (6%– 7%), chromosomal abnormalities (6%– 7%), interactions between genetic and environmental factors (20%– 25%), And exposure teratogen (6%– 7%) has involved as possibility
causes of birth defects. It is important to note that approximately 50% of congenital malformations have no known cause. 2,4
Congenital malformations affect multiple organ systems and this depends on the stage of embryogenesis when the defect occurs. Some studies have reported central nervous system anomalies as the most predominant congenital malformation while others have reported digestive system abnormalities as the most common congenital malformation. 5 One type of congenital malformation is a branchial cleft cyst .
Branchial cleft cyst also known as branchial cleft anomaly, is a congenital anomaly that arises from the first to fourth pharyngeal pouches. Anomaly This can appear as fistula, cyst, or channel sine, depends at the level of incomplete obliteration during embryogenesis. 6,7 The branchial arches represent the embryological precursors of the face, neck, and pharynx. Branchial arch anomalies are the second most common congenital lesions of the head and neck on children. Cyst branchial cleft is malformation congenital which arises from incomplete involution of the branchial remnants. Approximately 90% - 95% generally appear at the age of 20 to 40 years. 8
Branchial cleft cysts are believed to result from failure of fusion of the branchial arches. second, although some theory state that cystic degeneration from the first, second, and third branchial clefts or cystic degeneration of epithelial elements of the cervical lymph nodes can also lead to cyst formation. Branchial cysts more Possible attack woman than man And usually appear in the 3rd decade of life as a nontender swelling on the lateral side of the inferior neck mandible. They can increase big, especially after infection upper respiratory tract and sometimes show signs of inflammation and abscess formation such as pain, swelling and edema. Acute enlargement can cause obstructive symptoms such as respiratory distress or dysphagia. Sometimes the cyst is associated with a sinus or fistula associated with the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 9,10 In this case report we report a patient with a second branchial cleft cyst found at the Prof. dr. Central General Hospital.
IG Denpasar .