Septorhinoplasty remains one of the most challenging operations in plastic and facial reconstructive surgery , a field that is gradually being developed by contemporary otorhinolaryngologists . Septorhinoplasty is a complex operation that requires precise preoperative diagnosis to select the appropriate surgical technique, partly because of its dual role and its primary importance for nasal function and facial shape. Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure aesthetics the oldest in world Which recorded in history. Action This originally developed in Greece ancient And India (Sushruta Samhita). Sushruta known as the father of rhinoplasty surgery in the world. The first documented evidence of rhinoplasty comes from the Edwin Smith Papyrus. 1 Septorhinoplasty is the term used when rhinoplasty and septoplasty procedures are performed simultaneously. This procedure involves surgery of the bones and cartilage of the nose to improve the shape and structure of the nose (rhinoplasty) and straighten the septum (septoplasty). 2 Indication he did operation This very varies, start from functional obstruction on cavity nose until reason cosmetics, including cartilage alarm or asymmetrical upper lateral cartilages, poorly supported nasal tip, rotation or projection, excessive nasal projection, asymmetry or deformity of the nasal tip, crooked nose , saddle nose , cleft lip or other congenital abnormalities, septal perforation and revision rhinoplasty. 1,2,3

Malformation congenital on auricle is results from a series disturbances during the embryological development of the fetal auricular cartilage. These anomalies have varying degrees of functional impairment and severity, which may need intervention surgery or No. Besides That, abnormalities It can be associated with other congenital syndromes, but is most often found in isolation. Microtia is a congenital defect of the auricle, ranging from an underdeveloped ear with normal shape to an underdeveloped ear with abnormal shape, or even the absence of the auricle itself. The incidence of microtia varies from 0.8 to 4.53 per 10,000 births. In addition to like race And vulnerability genetics, exposure Mother to teratogen, diabetes, and anemia are known risk factors. 1–7

Sine preauricular or fistula preauricular is abnormality congenital in the preauricular soft tissue, which is characterized by the formation of a fistula in the area. Usually there is hole small or pit on front helix ascending which is located in the anterior part of the outer ear. 1 Preauricular fistula is one of the abnormalities auricular congenital Which most general with number the incident around 1%-2% worldwide. The incidence of this disorder is estimated to be around 1%-2% globally, with prevalence varying by region and race. The highest incidence is reported in Africa, while in Asia the incidence ranges from 1-10%. 2–4 There is no significant difference in the incidence of preauricular fistula between men and women. 5

Foreign bodies (BA) in the esophagus are one of the problems often encountered in children, due to increased curiosity and hand-to-mouth activity. 1 Foreign bodies in the esophagus that are often encountered include coins, fish bones, safety pins, batteries, magnets, objects House ladder, And others. 1 Number incident swallowed rock battery, represent less than 2% Object foreign Which swallowed by children, but in two decade final, the frequency continues to increase. 2

On SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) cavity mouth, distribution type gender varies according to age of onset: while males account for more than 70% of cases on person old, the percentage down become 50-65% in lower age 45 years. Thus, these epidemiological features may represent etiopathogenic differences that differentiate young from elderly patient subgroups. 1,2 SCC of the tongue shows increased incident on population young, like Which reported previously in the year of 1990s by a group writer American. Data This more carry on confirmed by a global study that specifically investigated tongue carcinoma and included total 22 registration tumor. Studies This highlight improvement annual ranging from 0.4% to 3.3% which was significantly higher in the younger age group ( 45 years) in 14 of 22 registrations. In this comprehensive analysis, the largest increase was observed in women, particularly in the younger age group. young, only found on a number of registration, temporary in registration others show a homogeneous distribution or even male dominance. 3,4 Intervention surgery in treatment cancer mouth can varies from wide local excision and primary closure of small tumors, to composite resection of the tongue, floor of the mouth, or mandible involving neck dissection of the tumor stadium carry on with need For localization flap or free flaps reconstruction microvascular. The pectoralis major (PM) flap is frequently used for reconstruction of large oral cancer defects due to its speed, reliability, and ability to provide a more complete repair. safe, especially in area Which need network in amount big. This flap has excellent survival and reliability due to its rich blood supply. Large skin defects can be easily covered by this flap, along with primary closure of the donor site. 5,6

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is a collection of symptoms consisting of hearing loss, cataracts (clouding of the eye lens), congenital heart disease, and developmental delays. development, including delay talk And disability intellectual. Congenital rubella syndrome caused by rubella virus infection in the fetus during pregnancy due to the mother not having immunity to the rubella virus. A child may exhibit one or more symptom SRK with symptom most frequent is disturbance hearing. 1 If infection virus Rubella occurs in pregnancy, especially the first trimester often causes Congenital Rubella Syndrome. CRS causes abortion, stillbirth, premature birth and disability if the baby survives. The most common congenital defects are sensorineural deafness, eye damage such as cataracts, cardiovascular disorders, and mental retardation. 2-11

Dysphagia is difficulty or inability For swallow And can be classified into two main categories, namely oropharyngeal which occurs between cavity mouth And sphincter esophagus part on as well as esophageal Where happened between sphincter esophagus part on And down. 1 Dysphagia Alone impact negative on quality life And lower productivity Work. Dysphagia is 10th cause the biggest visit take care road in US in between symptom gastrointestinal with more from 600,000 visit every the year. In general global, prevalence dysphagia in the community ranges from 2% to 20%. Although some population-based efforts have been conducted, these studies are limited by the small number of respondents with dysphagia who were mostly non-Hispanic whites and performed ≥10 years ago. 2 The general population is over 50 years old, and is 16% elderly. Dysphagia, specifically dysphagia oropharyngeal, even more It is common in chronic care that up to 60% of nursing home residents experience eating difficulties including dysphagia.3

Orbital Floor Fractures is fracture on base orbit Which is structure most thin on the orbital wall 1 . The orbital floor is the most common location of orbital fractures, accounting for 47.9% from all fracture orbit, followed by fracture wall medial (25%), wall lateral, and the roof of the orbit. The most common occurrence is in young adults. Orbital fractures most commonly caused by blunt trauma to the midface 2,3 . Orbital floor fractures can cause distortion of the volume and shape of the orbit, resulting in visual or cosmetic impairment 4 . In addition, there can be injury to the soft tissue structures within the orbital cavity, such as the inferior rectus muscle, infraorbital nerve, and infraorbital blood vessels 1 . Complex anatomical structure and anatomical location Which close together with organs important become challenge in diagnosis and management of orbital floor fractures 3 . Failure to diagnose a fracture that requires immediate treatment can result in permanent complications 6 -10 .

Chemotherapy regimen in ENT field is Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment by administering certain drugs (cytostatics/anti-cancer drugs). cancer) which aims to to inhibit growth cell cancer or kill cancer cells (1). These drugs are cytotoxic and have different mechanisms in causing cell death. (1). This chemotherapy refers to agents cytotoxic which own mechanism of action which can cause cell death, inhibiting growth cells, inhibiting microtubule function, function protein or DNA synthesis (2).

Management options for Os fractures Nsal can be with closed reduction or open reduction considering the type and severity of the fracture. The best time for proper and most accurate management is done immediately after injury, before there is significant tissue edema. The goal of management is to restore appearance, restore airway patency, midline septum, maintain nasal valve integrity, prevent postoperative complications such as stenosis, septal perforation, columella retraction, and saddle deformity or persistent deformity. 1,3