Mucosal malignant is a rare form of melanoma malignant, representing 1% of melanoma cases, with a five-year survival rate of 25% in contrast to cutaneous melanoma where the survival rate is until 80%. Variants melanoma malignant This especially found on head and neck, followed by the anorectal and vulvovaginal mucosa, in order of prevalence. 1
Melanoma Malignant is a tumor that originates from the transformation of melanocytes in the basal layer of the mucosa. Melanoma Malignant has two types, skin melanoma and mucosal melanoma. The frequency of Melanoma Malignant tumors in the head and neck is more than 90% in the skin, 5% in the eyes, 2.2% of primary lesions are unknown and only 1.3% occur in the mucosa. 25–50% of mucosal melanoma cases This happen in area head neck. Place Which most general from mucosal melanoma primary head And neck is cavity nose (50%), area maxillofacial (20%), oral cavity (17%), followed by nasopharynx. 2
The main symptoms of Melanoma Malignant of the nasal mucosa include recurrent bleeding and impaired nasal patency. Macroscopically, Melanoma Malignant of the nasal mucosa Nasal Cavity appear as tumor polypoid with color start from white to gray, brown to black. Histopathological diagnosis is based on the detection of melanocyte markers: S-100, Melan-A, HMB-45, MITF-1 and vimentin. In â…“ case, melanoma mucosa happen in form amelanotic. Factor
etiology Not yet defined in a way right. 2
The etiological factors are still not known for certain. The prevalence of melanoma mucosa is said No related with radiation sun, papillomavirus or herpes simplex virus. Smoking may be a predisposing factor for oral melanoma, and exposure to formaldehyde may predispose to sinus melanoma. paranasal. Age patient moment diagnosed is between 60 And 80 year, with the highest frequency between 65 and 70 years. The average 5-year survival rate is about 12-44%. The problems with mucosal Melanoma Malignant are the late diagnosis and the aggressive nature of the cancer. About 20% of patients are found to have lymph node metastases at diagnosis, and 10% of patients experience metastasis Far (to lungs, heart, bone, brain, more seldom to adrenal glands). 2
There are many therapeutic modalities for Melanoma Malignant of the nasal mucosa, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy. early melanoma mucosa that until now This is still an option is surgery, followed by additional radiotherapy. However, mucosal Melanoma Malignant , characterized by high variability of tumor characteristics, poor prognosis, complexity of treatment, and various new therapeutic targets. Therefore, complete surgical resection is not easy, some patients in advanced stages even lose the opportunity for surgery. In addition, biological treatments, as well as immunotherapy, have been increasingly developed over the last decade. Recent studies have shown that immunotherapy may provide survival benefits for patients with advanced stages of the disease. general prognosis melanoma malignant mucosa sinonasal bad, by Therefore, immediate diagnosis and management are very important. 1,3