The process of listening is very important for the development of speech and language skills. This will affect a child's ability to communicate in life. Hearing on children's age must always evaluated so that the child can be an individual in the midst of an adequate society where oral communication is more dominant. Disorders hearing can result in disturbance Language And cognitive Which more slow, intellectual and socio-cultural, thus hearing loss should be detected as early as possible so that language and social functions can develop well and normally. 1,2
Speech delay is a delay in a child's speech process compared to the speech process of children of the same age. Speech delay is one of the most common causes of developmental disorders found in children. Speech and language disorders are very common problems at the age of 3-5 years. Every day this disorder seems to be increasing rapidly. The prevalence of speech disorders in the form of language delays with an expressive vocabulary of less than 50 words and/or no word combinations is estimated to occur in 15% of children aged 24-29 months. 2
Some reports state that the incidence of speech and language delay ranges from 5-10% in school children. Speech delay is a major problem that is mostly caused by by disturbance hearing. The more early We detect abnormality or the disorder, the better the recovery from the disorder. 2
The prevalence of speech and language delay has been reported across a wide range. A recent Cochrane review summarized prevalence data on speech delay, language delay and combined delay in children reported number prevalence range between 5-8% and study of delay speak from 2.3% until 19%. Prevalence delay development speak in Indonesia Not yet
has been studied extensively. Data from the Department of Medical Rehabilitation of RSCM in 2006, from 1125 total patient visits, 10.13% of children were diagnosed with speech delay and Language. 3 Wahyuni's 1998 research in one of the sub-districts in Central Jakarta found a prevalence delay Language as big as 9.3% from 214 child Which aged under three years. 4 Hearing loss associated with speech delay may be conductive.
or sensorineural. Conductive deafness can be caused by otitis media with effusion. If this happens thus so lost hearing the nature temporary, average between 15-20 dB. Disturbance hearing on baby neonate Which treated stay in NICU For time more than two days increases the likelihood of hearing loss up to 10 times. 2 One of the examinations used for hearing loss is the Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) examination. BERA is a neurodiagnostic examination to evaluate the integrity of the auditory nerve pathway to assess lesions in the auditory nerve and brainstem. 3
Early detection of hearing loss by referring to therapy program experts medical And rehabilitation if Already obtained suspicion disturbance hearing. The joint committee of infant hearing (JCIH) recommends that children with hearing loss be identified through universal hearing screening at discharge from the hospital or within the first month of life. If the screening test is positive, children should be referred to respective medical experts and speech therapists. 2
The development of universal hearing screening has grown rapidly due to JCIH recommendations, one of which is BERA. BERA can also be used to diagnose changes in hearing thresholds, characterize the type of hearing loss, identify retrochochlear and assess the maturity of the central auditory system in neonates. 2
Besides For evaluation hearing, application main other from BERA is as diagnostic tool and tool for identifying neurological abnormalities. BERA can detect lesions in the eighth nerve, such as schwanoma of the eighth nerve, as well as lesions in the brain stem. In addition, BERA examination can also detect demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Other uses of BERA include intraoperative monitoring and also as monitoring of neurological status in comatose patients in intensive care. 1-3