Olfactory disorders are defined as the loss, reduction or distortion of the ability to smell when a person is sniffing (orthonasal smell) or eating (retronasal smell) or changes in the perception of odors. 1 Olfactory disorders smell can differentiated become disturbance smell in a way quantitative (changes in the sense of smell in assessing an odorant) and qualitative (changes in the quality of odorants without affecting the sense of smell. Quantitative olfactory disorders are categorized into hyposmia (decreased sense of smell) and anosmia (loss of sense of smell) while qualitative olfactory disorders are disorders of odor identification (dysosmia) which include parosmia (misperception of odors that actually exist and phantosmia (feeling the presence of an odor when in fact the odor is not there). In a more specific form of dysosmia, some patients interpret all odors as unpleasant odors (cacosmia). 1-3
Prevalence hyposmia And anosmia on population in a way general is 20% and 5% respectively.3 As many as 2.7 million people (1.4% of the population in the United States) have experienced smell problems that last more than three months. Number incident the increase sharp along with increase age,
and about 40% of people over the age of 65 have olfactory disorders. In a 2013 study in Korea, the prevalence of olfactory disorders was 4.5%. 4 The rate of spontaneous recovery in post-traumatic olfactory disorders occurs in a much lower percentage of patients, possibly due to post-traumatic scarring in the lamina cribrosa area , accompanied by intracranial lesions. 4
Disturbance smell own etiology Which diverse, estimated reach around 200 reason. Anosmia own prevalence around 5% from population General and physiological aging have significant contributions to olfactory disorders. However, excluding age-related olfactory disorders, approximately two-thirds of the causes of hyposmia are due to sinonasal disease, infection, or post-traumatic stress disorder. 3-4
According to study previously disturbance smell can impact negative impact on health, work, or quality of life in the past 12 months. Olfactory training is a therapeutic management that is a long-term odorant smelling exercise. This method was first discovered by Thomas Hummel in 2009. 4
Olfactory disorders still have a fairly high prevalence and can affect the quality of life of sufferers, as well as the low level of olfactory recovery after trauma. So that a deep understanding is needed, especially regarding the diagnosis and appropriate management of olfactory disorders. Based on this, the following case will be discussed with post-traumatic olfactory disorders that previously did not improve for 4 months. This is so that it can provide a deep understanding and appropriate management can be given to this patient according to the underlying etiology. So that it can to fix quality life And prevent complications Which more heavy in this disorder can be avoided. 3-4