According to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2020, rhinosinusitis is defined as inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses characterized by two or more symptoms, one of which includes nasal blockage or obstruction or congestion or nasal discharge (anterior or posterior nasal passages). or posterior nasal drip) accompanied by with pain face and or decreased olfactory sensitivity, if it occurs for ≤ 12 weeks it is said to be acute rhinosinusitis and if ≥ 12 weeks is said to be chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinosinusitis is one of the common conditions that has been experienced by about 20% of individuals. According to estimates, the condition is projected to affect about 31 million people, which consists of about 4% of the adult population in the United States each year. According to surveys, 14.1% of adults have been diagnosed by a health professional with rhinosinusitis. In general historical, fungal etiology associated with 5-15% of chronic rhinosinusitis cases. After the statement of fungi as an etiological factor in most cases of chronic rhinosinusitis, the influence of fungal rhinosinusitis seems to be extraordinary lately. Fungal rhinosinusitis is known to cause prominent physical symptoms, causing a significant decrease in quality of life, and significant interference with daily activities. 1
Fungal rhinosinusitis is condition pathological on sine paranasal accompanied by inflammation sine Which caused by fungal infection. The etiology of fungal rhinosinusitis in Indonesia has not been widely documented. According to research conducted at the Haji Medan Hospital in 2014-2015, out of 74 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis that underwent fungal culture examination, there were 30 positive cases of fungi, most of which were found in the age range of 21-40 years, namely 60%. The distribution of fungi from the 30 cases that grew the most was Aspergilus fumigatus that is 15 sample (50%), Aspergillus sp as much as 7 sample (23.3%),
Aspergillus niger 4 samples (13.3%), Candida sp as many as 3 samples (10%) and the least is Aspergillus versicolor only 1. 1,2 According to estimates made by Wahyuningsih et al. (2021) the prevalence of fungal rhinosinusitis in Indonesia is estimated at around 294,000 cases. 3
The diagnosis of fungal rhinosinusitis can be established through anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations. The symptoms that arise vary depending on the patient's immune status. Supporting examinations can be used to help establish the diagnosis of fungal rhinosinusitis and provide important information to take appropriate action so that management becomes more precise and faster. Fungal rhinosinusitis produces a variety of patient prognoses, ranging from potentially good to fatal. Therefore, effective patient management plays an important role in improving the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the author conducted a literature review on the topic of fungal rhinosinusitis from the available literature. This literature review is expected to be a material to increase clinician insight, especially in terms of diagnosis and management of fungal rhinosinusitis.